Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that originate from their fundamental structure and surface chemistry. The tunable size, shape, and c

Quantum dots (QDs) are quantum nanostructures with unique optical and electronic here properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further maximized by engineering their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the attachment of functional groups